Many terms have been used to describe the flat foot. Some of the more common ones
are pes planus, planovalgus, calcaneo-valgus, and fallen arches. The human foot has
26 bones, 10 major extrinsic tendons and their respective muscles, numerous intrinsic
musculotendinous units, and more than 30 joints. These musculoskeletal structures
work together with the neurovascular elements, fat pads, and skin to provide a mobile,
sensate, adaptive foundation during standing and to provide a means of balance and
locomotion during gait. Flat foot describes the common end point of any abnormality
that causes the medial longitudinal arch to collapse. Flatfeet can cause severe symptoms
or be asymptomatic. Flat foot is now considered a normal variant assuming it functions
in its normal capacity without symptoms.
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© 2003 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
